Author Guidelines

The International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Innovation (IJAIDI) welcomes original, high-quality scholarly manuscripts that fall within the journal’s aims and scope.

Authors must read and follow these guidelines carefully before submitting a manuscript. Submissions that do not comply with the journal’s requirements may be returned for technical correction or rejected before peer review.

1. General Submission Requirements

Manuscripts submitted to IJAIDI must:

Be original and scientifically sound.
Fall within the journal’s aims and scope.
Not have been published previously, except as an academic thesis, conference abstract, or preprint where properly disclosed.
Not be under consideration by another journal at the same time.
Present a clear scholarly, methodological, theoretical, technical, or practical contribution.
Be written in clear and professional academic English.
Follow the journal’s manuscript template and formatting requirements.
Comply with the journal’s publication ethics and research-integrity policies.
Include complete and accurate citations and references.
Disclose funding sources, conflicts of interest, ethical approvals, and the use of generative artificial intelligence where applicable.

Submission of substantially the same manuscript to more than one journal simultaneously is considered unethical publishing practice. Authors may also be asked to provide original data or supporting documentation during editorial assessment.

2. Language of Publication

The journal publishes manuscripts in English.

Authors are responsible for ensuring that the manuscript is written in clear, grammatically correct, and academically appropriate English.

Manuscripts with serious language problems may be returned to the authors for professional language editing before editorial or peer-review assessment.

Language editing does not guarantee acceptance. Editorial decisions are based on scholarly quality, originality, methodological rigor, ethical compliance, and relevance to the journal.

3. Types of Manuscripts

IJAIDI considers the following types of submissions:

Original Research Articles

Original research articles should present new theoretical, empirical, experimental, computational, or applied findings.

Recommended length:

4,000–8,000 words, excluding references, tables, figures, and supplementary materials.

Review Articles

Review articles should provide a critical, analytical, and well-structured synthesis of the current literature and identify research gaps, methodological limitations, and future research directions.

Recommended length:

5,000–10,000 words, excluding references, tables, figures, and supplementary materials.

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses should follow an appropriate reporting framework, such as PRISMA, where applicable.

Technical or Methodological Papers

These papers should introduce or evaluate a model, algorithm, framework, dataset, software system, computational method, experimental protocol, or research methodology.

Applied Research and Case Studies

Applied studies should demonstrate a substantial scholarly contribution and provide sufficient methodological detail, analysis, validation, and discussion.

Short Communications

Short communications should report concise but significant preliminary findings, innovative methods, or focused technical contributions.

Perspectives and Scholarly Commentaries

These manuscripts should provide evidence-based critical analysis of an important emerging issue within the journal’s scope.

They may be submitted after consultation with the editorial office.

The editorial office may consider manuscripts outside these recommended limits when scientifically justified.

4. Manuscript Submission Files

Authors should submit the following files through the journal’s online submission system:

Title Page

The title page must include:

Full manuscript title.
Short running title, where requested.
Full names of all authors.
Institutional affiliations of all authors.
Department, institution, city, and country.
Email address of each author.
ORCID identifier of each author, where available.
Identification of the corresponding author.
Corresponding author’s email address.
Author-contribution statement.
Funding statement.
Conflict-of-interest declaration.
Acknowledgements, where applicable.

Blinded Manuscript

The blinded manuscript must not contain information that identifies the authors.

Authors must remove:

Author names.
Institutional affiliations.
Email addresses.
ORCID identifiers.
Acknowledgements that reveal identity.
Self-identifying statements.
File properties containing author information.

Authors should cite their previous publications neutrally and should not replace citations with expressions such as “Author, 2025.”

Supplementary Files

Where applicable, authors may submit:

Research instruments.
Questionnaires.
Extended tables.
Additional figures.
Datasets.
Source code.
Multimedia files.
Technical appendices.
Ethical approval documents.
Reporting-guideline checklists.
Permissions for copyrighted material.

Supplementary files must be clearly named and referenced in the manuscript.

5. Manuscript Formatting

Authors must prepare their manuscripts using the official IJAIDI manuscript template when it becomes available on the journal website.

Unless otherwise specified in the template, manuscripts should be prepared as follows:

File format: Microsoft Word .doc or .docx.
Page size: A4.
Font: Times New Roman.
Main text size: 12 points.
Title size: 16 points, bold.
Main headings: 12 points, bold.
Subheadings: 12 points, bold.
Line spacing: 1.15
Margins: 2.5 cm on all sides.
Text alignment: Justified.
Page numbers: Included consecutively.
Tables and figures: Numbered in the order in which they appear.
Mathematical equations: Prepared using an editable equation tool.
Units: International System of Units where applicable.

Authors should avoid excessive formatting, decorative fonts, unnecessary bold text, and manually inserted spacing.

The journal reserves the right to modify the formatting of accepted manuscripts to conform to its publication style.

6. Recommended Manuscript Structure

Original research articles should normally include the following sections:

Title
Abstract
Keywords
Introduction
Literature Review or Theoretical Background
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
Limitations
Implications or Recommendations, where applicable
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement, where applicable
Informed Consent Statement, where applicable
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgements
Conflicts of Interest
References
Appendices or Supplementary Materials, where applicable

The structure may be adjusted according to the research design and manuscript type.

Review articles, technical papers, and qualitative studies may use an alternative structure when academically justified.

7. Manuscript Title

The title should:

Be clear, accurate, and informative.
Reflect the main subject of the study.
Identify the principal variables, model, technology, or research context where relevant.
Avoid unnecessary abbreviations.
Avoid exaggerated, promotional, or unsupported claims.
Normally not exceed 20 words.

Titles should not claim that a method is “the best,” “perfect,” “revolutionary,” or “fully accurate” unless such claims are supported by exceptionally strong and independently verifiable evidence.

8. Abstract

Each manuscript must include a concise and informative abstract of approximately 150–250 words.

For original research articles, the abstract should summarize:

Background or research context.
Purpose or research problem.
Methods.
Main results.
Principal conclusion.
Scientific or practical significance.

The abstract must:

Be understandable without reference to the full manuscript.
Avoid unexplained abbreviations.
Avoid citations and references.
Avoid tables, figures, and equations.
Avoid unsupported claims.
Report the actual findings rather than merely describing what the study intends to examine.

Structured abstracts may be used when appropriate.

9. Keywords

Authors should provide four to seven keywords immediately after the abstract.

Keywords should:

Accurately represent the manuscript’s content.
Include important technical or disciplinary terms.
Avoid repeating the complete title.
Avoid overly general words.
Be separated by semicolons.

Example:

Artificial intelligence; machine learning; digital innovation; explainable AI; predictive analytics

10. Introduction

The introduction should:

Establish the scientific context of the study.
Define the research problem.
Summarize the most relevant previous research.
Identify the research gap.
Explain the significance and originality of the study.
Present the research objectives, questions, or hypotheses.
Avoid an unnecessarily extensive literature review.

The final part of the introduction should clearly state the study’s purpose and contribution.

11. Literature Review and Theoretical Background

The literature review should be analytical rather than merely descriptive.

Authors should:

Include current and relevant scholarly sources.
Discuss major theories, methods, and findings.
Identify inconsistencies and unresolved questions.
Explain how the present study addresses a specific research gap.
Avoid irrelevant or excessive citations.
Include international literature relevant to the research topic.
Cite primary sources whenever possible.

The journal does not require authors to cite articles from IJAIDI unless those articles are directly relevant to the manuscript.

12. Materials and Methods

The methods section must provide sufficient detail to allow readers to understand, evaluate, and, where appropriate, reproduce the study.

Authors should describe:

Research design.
Study setting and context.
Population and sample.
Sampling method.
Inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Data sources.
Instruments and measures.
Experimental procedures.
Variables and definitions.
Algorithms, models, and system architecture.
Training, validation, and testing procedures.
Statistical or computational analysis.
Software, libraries, and versions.
Ethical approval and informed consent.
Data-protection and privacy procedures.

Novel methods must be described in sufficient detail. Established methods should be cited appropriately.

13. Requirements for Artificial Intelligence and Machine-Learning Studies

Manuscripts involving artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, generative AI, or computational modelling should report, where applicable:

Dataset name, source, size, and access conditions.
Data-collection period.
Inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Data preprocessing and cleaning.
Missing-data procedures.
Class distribution and imbalance.
Training, validation, and test-set separation.
Measures taken to prevent data leakage.
Model architecture.
Hyperparameter selection.
Baseline or comparator models.
Performance metrics.
Statistical uncertainty or confidence intervals.
Cross-validation procedures.
External validation, where available.
Hardware and software environments.
Software packages and version numbers.
Source-code availability.
Random seeds or reproducibility settings.
Error analysis.
Model limitations.
Potential bias, fairness, privacy, security, and ethical risks.

Claims of model superiority must be supported by appropriate comparisons, validation procedures, and statistical evidence.

Authors should not evaluate a model solely on the same data used to train it unless this limitation is explicitly justified and discussed.

14. Results

The results section should present the findings clearly, logically, and objectively.

Authors should:

Report findings in relation to the research objectives.
Provide appropriate statistical or computational evidence.
Avoid repeating all table and figure contents in the text.
Report both positive and negative findings.
Include relevant measures of uncertainty.
Avoid interpreting results extensively in this section unless a combined Results and Discussion section is justified.

Results must not be fabricated, falsified, selectively omitted, or manipulated.

15. Discussion

The discussion should:

Interpret the principal findings.
Relate the findings to the research questions or hypotheses.
Compare the results with relevant previous studies.
Explain agreements, differences, and unexpected findings.
Discuss theoretical, methodological, technical, or practical implications.
Avoid claims that exceed the evidence.
Address the study’s limitations.
Suggest realistic future research directions.

The discussion should not merely repeat the results.

16. Conclusion

The conclusion should provide a concise synthesis of:

The research problem.
The principal findings.
The contribution of the study.
The main implications.
Relevant recommendations or future directions.

The conclusion should not introduce new data, sources, analyses, or arguments that were not presented in the manuscript.

17. Tables

Tables must:

Be numbered consecutively as Table 1, Table 2, and so forth.
Be cited in the text in numerical order.
Have a concise and informative title placed above the table.
Be editable rather than inserted only as images.
Include explanatory notes below the table where necessary.
Define all abbreviations.
Identify the source when adapted or reproduced.
Avoid unnecessary vertical lines and decorative formatting.
Present accurate totals, percentages, and statistical values.

Authors must obtain permission to reproduce copyrighted tables when required.

18. Figures and Images

Figures must:

Be numbered consecutively as Figure 1, Figure 2, and so forth.
Be cited in the text in numerical order.
Have a clear caption placed below the figure.
Be supplied at sufficient resolution.
Remain legible when displayed on screen or printed.
Use readable labels and consistent terminology.
Avoid deceptive cropping, enhancement, or manipulation.
Include appropriate legends and measurement units.
Identify the source when adapted or reproduced.

Acceptable formats may include PNG, JPEG, TIFF, SVG, or another format approved by the editorial office.

Authors must obtain written permission for copyrighted figures, images, maps, screenshots, or other reproduced content where required.

19. Equations, Algorithms, and Code

Equations should:

Be created using an editable equation tool.
Be numbered consecutively when referenced in the text.
Define all symbols and variables.
Use consistent notation throughout the manuscript.

Algorithms and pseudocode should be presented clearly and should include sufficient explanation for evaluation and reproduction.

Authors are encouraged to make source code available through a reliable repository when legally and ethically possible.

20. Statistical Reporting

Authors should report statistical methods transparently and accurately.

Where applicable, reports should include:

Sample size.
Statistical tests used.
Assumption checks.
Exact p-values.
Effect sizes.
Confidence intervals.
Measures of variability.
Missing-data procedures.
Multiple-testing adjustments.
Software and version used.

Statistical significance should not be treated as equivalent to scientific or practical importance.

Authors should report results with appropriate precision and avoid unnecessary decimal places.

21. References and Citation Style

IJAIDI uses the APA 7th edition citation and reference style.

Authors are responsible for ensuring that:

Every in-text citation appears in the reference list.
Every reference-list entry is cited in the manuscript.
Author names, publication years, titles, journal names, volumes, issues, and page ranges are accurate.
DOI links are included where available.
Retracted or unreliable publications are not cited as valid evidence.
References have been checked against original sources.
References generated by artificial-intelligence tools are independently verified.
Citation manipulation and unnecessary self-citation are avoided.

Examples of In-Text Citations

One author:

(Smith, 2025)

Two authors:

(Smith & Ali, 2025)

Three or more authors:

(Smith et al., 2025)

Narrative citation:

Smith and Ali (2025) reported that …

Journal Article

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of the article. Journal Title, volume(issue), page–page. https://doi.org/xxxxx

Book

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the book. Publisher.

Chapter in an Edited Book

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the chapter. In B. B. Editor (Ed.), Title of the book (pp. xx–xx). Publisher. https://doi.org/xxxxx

Conference Paper

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the paper. In Title of the proceedings (pp. xx–xx). Publisher. https://doi.org/xxxxx

Webpage

Author or Organization. (Year, Month Day). Title of the page. Website Name. URL

Authors should prioritize peer-reviewed, relevant, and current sources while also citing foundational studies where necessary.

22. Research Data and Reproducibility

Authors should retain the original data and supporting documentation used in the research.

A data-availability statement must be included in the manuscript.

Examples include:

The data supporting the findings of this study are available in [repository name] at [persistent link].

The data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

The data are not publicly available because they contain confidential or personally identifiable information.

No new data were created or analysed in this study.

Authors are encouraged to deposit data, code, models, protocols, and supplementary materials in appropriate trusted repositories, subject to ethical, legal, privacy, confidentiality, and intellectual-property restrictions.

23. Research Involving Human Participants

Studies involving human participants, identifiable personal data, surveys, interviews, experiments, medical records, biometric data, or user-generated data must comply with applicable ethical requirements.

Authors must state:

The name of the approving ethics committee or institutional review board.
The approval number, where applicable.
The date of approval, where applicable.
Whether informed consent was obtained.
How privacy and confidentiality were protected.
Whether consent for publication was obtained when identifiable information is included.

Where ethical approval was not required, the manuscript should explain the institutional or legal basis for the exemption.

24. Research Involving Animals

Studies involving animals must comply with relevant institutional, national, and international animal-welfare standards.

Authors must provide:

The name of the approving committee.
The approval or protocol number.
A description of measures taken to minimize harm.
Any applicable reporting-guideline information.

25. Privacy, Security, and Sensitive Data

Research involving personal, confidential, biometric, surveillance, cybersecurity, social-media, or location data must include appropriate safeguards.

Authors should explain:

The legal and ethical basis for collecting and using the data.
Consent procedures.
Anonymization or pseudonymization.
Data-storage and access controls.
Privacy and security risks.
Measures taken to prevent unauthorized disclosure or harmful use.

Public availability of data does not automatically remove the need for ethical consideration.

26. Authorship Criteria

Authorship should be limited to individuals who have made substantial scholarly contributions to the work.

All listed authors must:

Have contributed substantially to the conception, design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or preparation of the manuscript.
Participate in drafting or critically revising the manuscript.
Approve the final submitted version.
Accept accountability for their contribution.
Agree to the submission and publication of the work.

Guest, honorary, gift, and ghost authorship are prohibited.

Contributors who do not meet the authorship criteria should be acknowledged with their permission.

27. Author Contributions

The manuscript must include an author-contribution statement.

Authors are encouraged to use the CRediT contributor roles where applicable:

Conceptualization.
Methodology.
Software.
Validation.
Formal analysis.
Investigation.
Resources.
Data curation.
Writing—original draft.
Writing—review and editing.
Visualization.
Supervision.
Project administration.
Funding acquisition.

Example:

Conceptualization, A.A. and B.B.; methodology, A.A.; software, C.C.; data analysis, A.A. and C.C.; writing—original draft, A.A.; writing—review and editing, B.B. and C.C.; supervision, B.B. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

28. Changes in Authorship

Requests to add, remove, or rearrange authors after submission must include:

A clear explanation of the requested change.
Written agreement from all authors.
Written agreement from any author being added or removed.
Confirmation that the revised authorship accurately reflects the contributions.

Authorship changes after acceptance are permitted only in exceptional circumstances and remain subject to editorial approval.

29. Corresponding Author Responsibilities

The corresponding author is responsible for:

Communicating with the journal.
Ensuring that all authors meet the authorship criteria.
Confirming that all authors approved the manuscript.
Providing accurate author and affiliation information.
Disclosing funding and conflicts of interest.
Coordinating responses to reviewers.
Reviewing proofs.
Informing co-authors of editorial decisions.
Responding to post-publication questions when necessary.

30. Funding Disclosure

All sources of financial or material support must be disclosed.

The funding statement should include:

Name of the funding organization.
Grant number.
Role of the funder in the study.
Any financial or material support.

Example:

This research received no external funding.

Or:

This research was funded by [funder name], grant number [number]. The funder had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, manuscript preparation, or decision to submit the article.

31. Conflicts of Interest

Authors must disclose any financial, professional, institutional, academic, personal, or intellectual relationships that could influence or appear to influence the research.

Example:

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Where a conflict exists, it must be described transparently.

The existence of a conflict does not automatically prevent publication, but failure to disclose a relevant conflict may result in rejection, correction, or retraction.

32. Acknowledgements

The acknowledgements section may recognize individuals or organizations that contributed to the work but do not qualify for authorship.

Authors should obtain permission from individuals named in the acknowledgements.

Financial support should be reported in the funding statement rather than only in the acknowledgements.

33. Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence

Artificial-intelligence systems, large language models, chatbots, and other AI-assisted tools cannot be listed as authors because they cannot assume accountability for scholarly work.

Authors remain fully responsible for the originality, accuracy, integrity, legality, and appropriate citation of all submitted content.

Authors must disclose substantive use of generative AI or AI-assisted technologies in:

Drafting or substantially revising text.
Generating or modifying code.
Analysing data.
Creating images or figures.
Developing research instruments.
Producing datasets or synthetic data.
Interpreting results.
Conducting literature searches or evidence synthesis.

The disclosure should identify:

The name of the tool.
The version, where available.
The purpose for which it was used.
The extent of human verification and revision.

Example:

During the preparation of this manuscript, the authors used [tool name and version] to assist with [specific purpose]. The authors reviewed and verified all outputs and accept full responsibility for the content of the manuscript.

Routine use of tools solely for spelling, grammar, or formatting may not require detailed disclosure, provided that the tools did not create or alter the scientific content.

Scopus currently recommends that journals maintain a dedicated generative-AI policy and disclose how AI may be used in content creation and publishing processes.

34. AI-Generated Images, Data, Code, and References

Authors must not submit AI-generated or AI-modified research materials as authentic evidence without appropriate verification and disclosure.

Authors must independently verify:

AI-generated factual statements.
References and DOI numbers.
Data and statistical outputs.
Code and computational outputs.
Images and visualizations.
Translations of technical content.

Fabricated references, false data, misleading images, or unverified AI outputs may result in rejection or investigation.

35. Originality and Similarity Screening

Submitted manuscripts may be screened using similarity-detection and research-integrity tools.

The journal does not assess originality solely through a fixed similarity percentage. Editors examine:

The source of matching text.
The extent and distribution of overlap.
Whether the material is properly cited.
Whether previous work has been duplicated.
Whether methods or standard terminology explain the similarity.
Whether the overlap affects the originality of the manuscript.

Plagiarism, self-plagiarism, duplicate publication, data fabrication, falsification, and citation manipulation are prohibited.

36. Preprints and Previous Dissemination

Posting a manuscript as a preprint does not automatically prevent submission to IJAIDI.

Authors must:

Disclose the existence of the preprint at submission.
Provide its DOI or persistent link.
Inform the journal of any substantive changes.
Update the preprint record with a link to the published article after publication where possible.

Publication of an abstract, thesis, dissertation, or preprint is not normally treated as prior journal publication when transparently disclosed.

37. Copyrighted Material and Permissions

Authors are responsible for obtaining permission to reproduce copyrighted:

Figures.
Tables.
Images.
Maps.
Screenshots.
Survey instruments.
Extended quotations.
Software or database content.
Other protected materials.

Evidence of permission must be provided upon request.

The source and copyright holder must be acknowledged according to the permission terms.

38. Reporting Guidelines

Authors should use recognized reporting guidelines appropriate to their study design where applicable, including:

PRISMA for systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
CONSORT for randomized controlled trials.
STROBE for observational studies.
CARE for case reports.
COREQ for qualitative interview and focus-group studies.
ARRIVE for animal research.
TRIPOD for prediction-model studies.
Relevant AI- and machine-learning reporting guidelines.

The applicable checklist may be requested during submission or peer review.

39. Submission Procedure

Manuscripts must be submitted through the IJAIDI online submission system.

The submitting author should:

Register or log in to the journal website.
Start a new submission.
Select the appropriate manuscript category.
Confirm compliance with the submission requirements.
Upload the blinded manuscript.
Upload the title page separately.
Upload supplementary files where applicable.
Enter complete and accurate metadata.
Add all authors in the correct order.
Provide the abstract and keywords.
Submit the manuscript for editorial consideration.

The metadata entered into the submission system must match the information contained in the title page.

40. Submission Checklist

Before completing the submission, authors should confirm that:

The manuscript falls within the journal’s aims and scope.
The manuscript is original and is not under review elsewhere.
All authors have approved the submission.
The title page and blinded manuscript are separate.
The blinded manuscript contains no identifying information.
The abstract is between 150 and 250 words.
Four to seven keywords are provided.
Tables and figures are numbered and cited correctly.
References follow APA 7th edition.
All citations appear in the reference list.
DOI links have been included where available.
Funding and conflicts of interest are disclosed.
Ethical approval and informed consent are reported where applicable.
A data-availability statement is included.
An author-contribution statement is included.
Generative-AI use is disclosed where applicable.
All files have been checked for accuracy and completeness.

41. Peer Review

Manuscripts that pass the initial editorial screening are normally evaluated through the journal’s double-blind peer-review process.

Authors must not attempt to identify or contact reviewers.

A manuscript may be:

Accepted.
Accepted subject to minor revisions.
Returned for major revisions.
Resubmitted for further review.
Rejected.

A request for revision does not guarantee acceptance.

42. Revised Manuscripts

Authors submitting a revision must provide:

A revised blinded manuscript.
A point-by-point response to reviewers and editors.
A clear explanation of each revision.
The location of each change in the manuscript.
A scholarly justification for comments not followed.
A clean version and a marked version when requested.

Responses should be professional, complete, and evidence-based.

43. Proofreading and Publication

After acceptance, manuscripts undergo editorial and production checks.

The corresponding author will normally receive proofs for final review.

Authors must check:

Author names and affiliations.
Title and abstract.
Tables and figures.
Equations.
References and DOI links.
Funding and ethical statements.
Typographical or production errors.

Proof corrections should be limited to production errors. Major changes to the scientific content are not normally permitted after acceptance without editorial approval.

44. Corrections and Retractions

Authors must notify the journal promptly if they discover a significant error in a submitted or published article.

Depending on the seriousness of the issue, the journal may publish:

A correction.
An addendum.
An expression of concern.
A retraction.

The journal follows its publication ethics policy when addressing post-publication concerns.

45. Author Fees

All submission, editorial, publication, or article-processing fees—if applicable—must be stated clearly on the journal’s Article Processing Charges page.

Authors should consult that page before submission.

The payment of any fee does not influence peer review, editorial decisions, or acceptance.

If the journal does not currently charge authors, use this statement instead:

IJAIDI does not currently charge submission, editorial-processing, or article-publication fees. Any future change to the journal’s fee policy will be announced transparently on the journal website before it takes effect.

Transparency principles require journals to disclose all possible author charges clearly, including submission, publication, language-editing, withdrawal, colour, or supplementary charges.

46. Contact

Questions regarding manuscript preparation or submission may be directed to the editorial office:

International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Innovation (IJAIDI)

Email: ijaidi@eventsgate.org

Published by Scientific Events Gate – Malaysia
Website: www.eventsgate.org
Email: info@eventsgate.org

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